Most of the world’s albatrosses and their close relatives, petrels, breed on islands in the Southern Ocean, which surrounds Antarctica.
Antarctic Seasonal Sea Ice Zone
Researchers in our Geography department and the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) used satellite technology to track the movement of these seabirds.
They found that the birds fly huge distances to parts of the ocean affected by sea ice—called the Antarctic seasonal sea ice zone.
It’s thought they travel to either feed in the nutrient-enriched waters left behind when Antarctica’s sea ice melts each summer or, in the case of southern giant petrels, to scavenge on seals found on the ice itself.
The researchers analyzed data showing the movements of seven species of albatross and large petrel from the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia, which is about 1,000 miles from Antarctica.
These species were the northern giant petrel, southern giant petrel, white-chinned petrel, light-mantled albatross, black-browed albatross, grey-headed albatross, and the wandering albatross.
In total they looked at 2,497 foraging trips made by 1,289 of the seabirds from satellite data collected between 1992 and 2023.
Antarctica’s Shrinking Sea Ice
Until recently, Antarctica had not suffered the big losses in sea ice seen in the Arctic, but over the past five years, Antarctic sea ice has begun to recede at a quicker rate.
The findings suggest that Antarctica’s shrinking sea ice could force seabirds to travel further from their breeding grounds to find food, or it could alter the patterns of where that food can be found.
In turn, this could also affect the ecosystems these birds are a part of.
